Carbureter.



' C. DE LuKAcsEvms.

cARuREER. APPLICATION F|LED DEC. 16| 19|!.

L25'A95. Patented.. Eems, 1918.

A 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. N

'0. DE LuKAcsEvIcs. l

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED 0110.16. I9I6.\

.Patented Feb. 19, 1918.

2 SHEETS-*SHEET 2.

Lemme.

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UNTER@ STATES PATENT @FFliUE CHARLES DE LUKACSEVICS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO EDMUND LOFFLER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARBURETER.

Application led December 16, 1916.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES DE LUKAcsE- vies, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for internal combustion engines, proposing a carbureter of the broad or general type disclosed in my U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,248,278, granted November 27, 1917.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a carbureter of the type stated which shall be exceedingly simple and inexpensive in its construction, compactly and accessibly organized, and which shall have special Aprovision against the loss of fuel by condensation within, and upon the walls or. exposed surfaces of the carbureter casing or other parts.

With the above object in View, the invention consists incertain features of construction and combination whereby the parts of the carbureter whose surfaces are exposed to the vaporized or atomized liquid hydrocarbon are or may be made of a phenolic condensation product formed by combining a phenolic body with formaldehyde, such product having yvarious trade names, of which the best known is probably bakelite; and whereby, at the same time, all the advantages and operative principles of the type of construction under which the invention falls.l as disclosed in my said Patent, No. 1,248,27 8, are served. The invention further consists in a carbureter of special construction having certain of its parts made of bakelite with resultant advantages in that the surfaces which are exposed to the liquid hydrocarbon are smooth and will not cause condensation of the vapor or finely divided particles of such hydrocarbon, in consequence of which the fiow of the combustible mixture through the carbureter is facilitated, the loss by condensation 'of hydrocarbon vapor is avoided, and there is no impairment of the temperature, quantity or proportions of the mixture delivered to the motor suction tube.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated -in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l is a vertical, central, sectional Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. i9, i918.

Serial No. 137,416.

vview of a `carbureter in which the features Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a plan and Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air valve;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view on the 6 6 0f F ig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing a slight modification; and Fig. 8 is an end elevation and partial cross-section of the construction shown in Fig. 7.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

The casing of the carbureter provides a carbureting chamber' 1 to which fuel is delivered from a fuel nozzle 2 and air is delivered from an air supply pipe 8, which, if desired, may be provided with an airheating medium (not shown), or may, for the purpose of heating the same, extend in suitable relation to the engine exhaust system (not shown).

The float feed chamber 7 is preferably molded integrally with the bakelite base of the carbureter casing, which casing includes a vertical metal section or body 39 and an upper section of bakelite providing the mixing or carbureting chamber l and having .formed therewith the attachment flange 34. The operating parts are arranged within the body 39 and include the nozzle 2, the regulating valve l0, the valve element 19, andthe air valve guide 1l. The supply tube G for the nozzle 2 leads from the ioat feed chamber 7 and is formed in the carbureter base, its bore being provided with a metal liner 6a.

The float feed chamber is provided with suitable float feed mechanism 8 and has a cover plate 7a of bakelite which is held closed by a helical. spring 4() arranged between it and an extension 41 of the attachment fiange 34. The float feed mechanism includes a bakelite stem 8fL carrying and projecting through the iioat and provided with metal terminals 8b and 8, the former a guide and the latter avalve.

The fuel nozzle, designated generally as 2, comprises as its main or body part a metal line -29; a pair of fuel discharge members 32 and 33 of bakelite which are formed with the respective discharge grooves 30 and'31 whose upper ends terminate, respectively, in lower and higher planes; and a hollow y metal stem threaded into the upperv end of the tube 2 and having orifices through whichy the gasolene passes into the well 28. Above these orifices the stem 35 is cf solid cross-section and is externally threaded to carry nuts 38 for holding the members 32 and 33 in operative relation, the member 32 nesting upon the upper face of the wall of' the well 28 and the member 33 nesting within the in'ember 32.

The air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the body 39 and*may be provided with a suitable valve 5 for the purpose of a relatively permanent adjustment of the possible 1naXimum air supply in accordance with varying conditions such as the power capacity of the engine and the density of the air in a particular locality. Y

The regulating valve -10 is of tubular or cylindrical form and `has a close sliding lit within an annular apron arranged' concentrically within thc body 39 and formed integral therewith or secured thereto, the said apron constituting the above mentioned valve guide 11. For the purpose of regulating the volume of the mixture delivered to the chamber 1, the ,valve 10 coperates at its upperr ond with the valve element 19. For the purpose of regulating` the velocity of the air, provision is made for a Variable tliroatway 17 in concentric external relation to the discharge end of the nozzle 2, and for the .provision of Isaid throatway, said nozzle, or the valve 10, or both of them, as is preferred, may be specially formed. As shown, the nozzle 2 has a regular Hare from its lower to its upper or discharge end and the valve 10 lis provided with a number of Venturi-type ribs 18.

The valve 10 also serves the function of a main air control valve and accordinglyhas its lower portion interrupted to provide open spaces 27 which function as air inlet openings and are hereinafter so designated and which are controlled by the guide 11; and below said openings ,the valve 10 is formed i 4with a normally closed base whereby air from the inlet 3 can flow into the interior of the valve 10 only through the openings 27 whose eflicient size is regulated by the elevation at which the valve is held.` For the purpose of raising and lowering the valve 10, said valve carries an upwardly projecting rack bar 12 which is engaged by a pinion sector mountedupon afshat 14,l

' normally closed base, a compensating valve,`

42 which has a close sliding lit on the nozzle tube 2* and is normally seated againet a flanged ring 43 byA a helical spring 44. The spring 44 surrounds the tube 2? and bears at its lower end against the valve 42 and at its upper endv against retaining ingers45 carried by the valve 10, 'one of which may be formed integral with the rack b ar 12. The valve 42 normally closes the lower end of the valve 10 with which it is, movable as a unit. Its Objectis to providefor an additional air supply in the comparatively infrequent cases when theE normal maximum amount of air admitted tothe carbureter in the lowermost position of the valve` 10 is insufhcient; and in the Iaccomplishment of this object the valtfe 42 is lifted from its seat against the pressure of the spring 44 by the engine suction.

The valve 10 is made of bakelite but the rack bar l2 and the fingers 45' which are anchored therein areof metal as are also the bolts 46 anchored therein as elements of the fastenings for the flanged ring 43 against which the valve 42 seats, said ring and said valve being likewise of metal.

The valve element 19 is of bakelite and is molded with the upper member of the carbureter casing to which it is integrally joined by a transverse connecting web 19a provided with embedded metal bracing pieces 19" (Fig. 6).

The stem 35 projects through the central openings of the'discharge members 32 and 33 and through a central opening of the valve element 19 above which it carries a nut 37 lor holding the parts in orgjanized relation. {The bakelite basl` and upper member of the carbureter casing are formed with ioo the upper member of the carbureter casing a has a lateral extension 47 which carrles theattachment flange 34a; and the retaining nut, 37, is arranged externally of the caru buretery casing, bearing against the upper face thereof abhld being fitted on an upward extension 35a of the stem 35. ln this modification, the stationary valve element for cooperation with 'the regulating valve, and here designated as 19 is, to facilitate man ufacture, made separable from the upper member of the carbureter casing and is formed with an upwardly projecting tubular extension 19d through which the stein extension 35 projects, the said extension inclosing a supporting metal tube 48 whose upper end is threaded in a metal bushing it-anchored in the upper member of the carbureter casing. In other respects, this modified construction is similar to the construction shown in Figs. l-G. The external arrangement of the nut 37a enables the removal of said nut and a consequent dismantling of the carbureter without the necessity of disconnecting the attachment flange from the motor suction tube.

lt is t`o be particularly noted that the metal part 39 of the carbureter casing is so located and arranged that its surfaces will not be exposed to the mixture of air and vaporized or finely divided liquid fuel; and that all the surfaces which are exposed to the stream of air and liquid fuel are provided by the bakelite parts. Thus, the air and liquid fuel pass in relation to the sur` faces of the valvelO, the nozzle 2, the valve element 19 and the carbureting chamber l, and all of these surfaces are provided by parts which are made of bake'lite, the bakelite surfaces being exceedingly smooth and regular and being without 'elfect in causing condensation of the hydrocarbon.` The metal part 39 is arranged below the chamber l and beyond or in surrounding relation to the valve 10., in consequence of which the stream of combustible mixture issuing between the valve 10 andthe valve element 19- will have practically no contact with the nietalpart but willl impinge, in the first instance, against thesnrface of the chanr bci-1.

The operation will beapparent from the foregoing description. '0bviously, as the valve 10 is raised, the space between it and the valve element 19 is diminished, and as the valve 10 is lowered, such space is increased. With the decrease of the area of communication between the internal space defined by the valve l0 and the chamber l, there is, of course, a decrease of suction influence in such internal space but this does not interfere with the sgipply of fuel necessary for low speed runhing, since the low inductive value of the suction influence is compensated by the increase in the velocity of the air which moves in stream-like formation past the discharge end of the nozzle and which takes up the gasolene vapor or nelydividcd gasolcne at a period when its velocity is greatest, or nearly so. At the same time that the quantity of the mixture is regulated by raising and lowering the valve l0, proportioning of the mixture under the varying conditions of suction is automatically maintained by the coperation of the valve 10 with the guide 1l whereby the effective areas of the air inlet openings 27 of the valve l0 are diminished as the valve is raised to decrease the amount of fuel de livered to the motor suction tube and are increased as the valve is lowered to increase the amount of fuel delivered to the motor suction tube. The fuel discharge ducts 30 and I 31 are of small diameter and are preferably arranged radially at regular and somewhat close intervals. These ducts have suitable outward and upward inclination and, as stated, terminate in planes one above the other, the ducts 30 in the lower plane and the ducts 3l in the higher plane. The ducts 3() function for a certain range of low speeds when the inductive value of the air is, of course, reduced, to supply the amount of fuel necessary for low speed running, without, however, furnishing any excess and thereby causing the mixture to be unduly rich. Both sets-of ducts, 30 and 3l, function for a certain range of high speeds, .including the maximum speed, in which the inductive value of the air is sufficiently high.A ln any event, the fuel is delivered from the nozzle' in accordance with the inductive value of the passing air stream, and, as rev gards condition, in radial jets at close intervals and in finely divided state, its incorporation with the air stream being thoroughly" effected in consequence of its uniform vaporization upon, or almost immediately succeeding. its discharge from the. nozzle. lt is preferred that the ducts 30 and 31 shall have their inlet ends above the normal fuel level. Accordingly, the well 2S is provided with the absorbent material 2f) as described, such material being partly submerged in the fuel in the well with its upper portion, projecting above the normal fuel level, constantly saturated with the fuel.

Having fully described my invention, I claim- 1. ln a carburetor, in combination, a casing having an air inlet, an upright nozzle located centrally within said casing and discharging above said air inlet, a tubular regulating valve, a guide arranged in spaced concentric relation within the casing and within which the valve has r close sliding fit, said valve surrounding said nozzle, a carbl-lreting chamber above said nozzle, and a. stationary valve element between said carhureting chamber and nozzle with which the valve coi'perates at its upper end, the valve having a normally closed base and having air inlet openings above said base, said guide controlling the efficient size of said openings in accordance with the position of said valve.

having a normally closed base and havingv air inlet openings above said base, said guide controlling the efiicient size of said openings in accordance With the position y. of said valve, and a spring-held, normallyclosed compensating valve located in and forming a part of the base of said regulating valve! 3. In a carbureter, in combination, a-ca'sing having a body ,part provided with an internal valve guide depending from its upper end and having av bakelite part superimposed. on-said body part and providing a carbureting chamber, said valve guide being arranged in spaced, concentric relation to said body part, an upright fuel nozzle arranged centrally Within said body" part,

/said casing having an air supply pipe, a ycylindrical bakelite regulating valve having a close sliding fit Within said'valve guide and surrounding said nozzle, said valve having a normally closed'base and air inlet openings Whose eiiicient size is controlled by said valve guide, and a stationary bakelite valve element arranged adjacent the lower f end of said carbureting chamber and with which said valve' co-acts at its upper end.

4. In a carbureter, 1n combination, a casing having .a body part provided With an internal valve guide depending from its upper end and having a bakelite part vsuperimposed on said body part and providing a carbureting chamber, said valve guide being arranged in spaced, concentric relation to said body part, an upright fuel nozzle arranged centrally within said body part, said casing having an air supply pipe, a cylindrical bakelite lregulating valve having a close sliding lit Within said valve guide and surrounding said nozzle, said valve having a normally closed base and air inlet openings Whose efficient size is controlled by said valve' guide, a stationary bakelite valveelement arranged adjacent the lower end of said carbureting chamber and With which said valve co-acts at its upper end,

and a spring-held compensating air valve which forms a part of the normally closed base of the regulating valve.

5. In a carbureter, in combination, a casing provided with an air-inlet and with an internal depending valve guide, said valve jg'uide, and casing being in spaced concentric relation an upright fuel nozzle, and acylindrical regulating valve surrounding said nozzle and having a close sliding fit Within said valve guide, said valve having a normally closed base and air inlet openings Whose eicient size is controlled by said valve guide;

6. In a carbureter, in combination, a casing provided with an air inlet and With an internal depending valve guide, said valve guide and casing being in spaced concentric relation, an upright .fuel nozzle, a cylindrical regulating valve surrounding said nozzle and having a close sliding lit Within said valve guide, said valve having a normally closed base and air inlet openings Whose efficient size is controlled by said valve guide, and a spring-held compensating air valve which forms a part of the normally closed base of the regulating valve.

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand in presence-of two subscribing Wit-pv Witnesses:

ALEX FoRs'rEIN, GEO. L. LoWY. 

